2019年北京市西城区高三英语二模试题+内容解析
2019.5西城区高三二模英语
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
When I was inhigh school our physics teacher gave us a challenge1involvedmaking a paper airplane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to flyas far as possible.2(stand)at the starting line, one of myclassmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把…捏成一团) it up, and3(throw)it down the way. He beat the classwith ease. Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated, but thephysics teacher4(clear)explained it could be any shape andthat a paper ball was indeed a shape.
文章来源出处：
B
Buildingsaround the world5(go)dark for 60 minutes this evening in avoluntary event known as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in 2007 inSydney, Australia, and has since grown into6global movement to raise awareness of our energy consumption andthe effects of climate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in thismovement7switching off the lights at 8:30 PM local time. Last year closeto 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries. Willyou dim your lights tonight?
文章来源出处：
C
The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011whenFeiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneakerbrands, suddenly gained international attention. Their products8(see)on models all over the world then. Lastyear, Chinese sportswear brand LI-NING was at the New York Fashion Week inSeptember with new designs9(decorate)with Chinese characters. Now theChinese brands are impressive and ambitious and can go head to head withforeign brands. And this ambition may be due to the fact that China’s youngpeople are now more confident about10(they) own culture.
文章来源出处：
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The Gift of Forgiveness
宽恕的礼物
The summer I turned 16, myfather gave me his old 69 Chevy Malibu convertible. What did I know aboutclassic cars? For me, the important thing was that Hannah and I could11around Tucson with the top down.
我16岁那年夏天，父亲把他那辆69年的雪佛兰马里布敞篷车给了我。我对经典汽车了解多少?对我来说，最重要的是我和汉娜可以开着敞篷车在图森市兜风。
Hannahwas my best friend, a year younger but much12.That summer she13with a modeling agency, doing catalog andrunway work.
Amonth after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home,we14at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting thefries in the space between us to15.“Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, hot, full moonhanging low over the desert. Taking a curve (弯)too16, I ran over some dirt andfishtailed. I then moved quickly through a neighbor’s landscape wall and droveinto a full-grown palm tree. The front wheel came to rest halfway17the tree trunk.
Therewere French fries on the floor, the dash (仪表盘)and my lap. An impossible amount of18was on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hangingaround her eyes. We were taken in separate ambulances. In the emergency room,my parents spoke quietly: “Best plastic surgeon (整容医生)in the city…but it is more likely the19of her modeling career…”
We’dbeen wearing lap belts,20the car didn’t have shoulder belts. I’d brokenmy cheekbone on the steering wheel; Hannah’s21had split wide open on the dash. What would Isay to her?
Whenher mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, preparingmyself for her22.She sat beside me and took my hand. “I drove into the back of the car of mybest friend when I was your age,” she said. “I completely23her car and mine.”
“I’mso sorry,” I said.
“You’reboth24,” she said. “Everything elsedoesn’t matter.” I started to explain, and Sharon stopped me. “I25you. Hannah will too.”
Sharon’sforgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer,to stay26throughout high school and college, to be ineach other’s weddings. I think of hergift of forgiveness every time I tend to feel angry aboutsomeone for a perceived（可感知到的） 27, and whenever I see Hannah.The scars (伤疤) are now28and no one else would notice, but in thesunlight I can still29the faint, shiny skin just below herhairline—for30,a sign of forgiveness.
11. A. drive B.run C.wander D.march
12. A. stronger B.healthier C. taller D. smaller
13. A. competed B. chatted C. signed D.bargained
14. A. stopped B. ate C. aimed D.stood
15. A. catch B. share C. hold D. spare
16. A. fast B. seriously C. softly D. slow
17. A. across B. up C. below D. along
18. A. blood B. petrol C. water D.sweat
19. A. path B.base C. point D. end
20. A. and B.but C. or D. so
21. A. shoulders B. arms C.chest D. forehead
22. A. anger B. regret C. sorrow D.concern
23. A. attacked B. dragged C. damaged D.removed
24. A. alike B. relieved C. injured D. alive
25. A. help B. love C. understand D.forgive
26. A. sisters B. friends C. classmates D.colleagues
27. A. need B. effort C. wrong D. threat
28. A. left B. marked C. shown D. faded
29. A. touch B. see C. feel D.learn
30. A. them B. you C. me D.her
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
If you’ve alwayswanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don’t have the yard spaceor the “green thumb” to pull it off, there’s now another option. The OGardenSmart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20of which are safe to eat.
Strawberries,green beans, peppers, green onions, and cherry tomatoes are just a few of thefruits and vegetables the OGarden can grow. Up to 30 potted plants can beplaced on a lower shelf, where the seeds are allowed to germinate (发芽). Once they germinate, the plants can thenbe moved to the turning wheel up above, which holds up to 60 plants at a time.It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce, depending on the type ofplant grown.
The system isself-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount ofsunlight, no matter what season it is. The only work that’s required isplanting the seeds and refilling the water tank once a week.
The OGarden Smartis the second product introduced by company co-founders Pierre Nibart andPierre-Etienne Bourget, of Quebec, Canada. The original OGarden appeared in2017, and the Smart upgrade adds a few new features, including automaticwatering, automatic LED lighting, and a water warning system. Some reviewers ofthe original OGarden commented that the system is easy to use, and that thevegetables taste better than store-bought produce.
The OGarden Smartwill set you back $859 Canadian dollars (about $650 USD) if you order it onKickstarter at a discounted rate, but the company’s founders are quick to pointout that it will help you save money in the long-run. The system lets you groworganic (有机的) produce at asmall part of the price you’d pay at your local grocery store.
To see some ofthe buying options available, check out the project’s Kickstarter page. Anyorders that are placed will be delivered this May.
如果你一直想开辟自己的草药或蔬菜花园，但没有院子或“园艺高手”来实现它，现在有另一个选择。OGarden Smart是一个室内园艺系统，一次可以种植90株植物，其中20株可以安全食用。
草莓、青豆、辣椒、葱和圣女果只是菜园里能生长的几种水果和蔬菜。最多30盆盆栽植物可以放在较低的架子上，种子可以在那里发芽。一旦它们发芽，这些植物就可以被移到上面的旋转轮上，这个旋转轮一次可以容纳60株植物。根据种植的植物类型，收获这种作物大约需要30到40天。
该系统是自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光，无论什么季节。唯一需要做的工作就是播种和每周给水箱加一次水。
OGarden Smart是该公司联合创始人、加拿大魁北克省的皮埃尔尼巴特(Pierre Nibart)和皮埃尔艾蒂安布尔热特(Pierre- etienne Bourget)推出的第二款产品。最初的OGarden出现在2017年，智能升级增加了一些新功能，包括自动浇水、自动LED照明和水警报系统。一些最初的OGarden的评论者评论说，这个系统很容易使用，而且这些蔬菜的味道比商店里买的要好。
如果你在众筹网站Kickstarter上以折扣价订购OGarden Smart，它将花费你859加元(约合650美元)，但该公司的创始人很快指出，从长远来看，它将帮助你省钱。该系统允许你种植有机农产品，价格仅为你在当地杂货店购买价格的一小部分。
要查看一些购买选项，请查看该项目的Kickstarter页面。所下的任何订单都将在今年5月交货。
31. What is the OGarden Smart?
A. Aself-watering system. B. A waterwarning system.
C. An indoorgardening system. D. An automaticlighting system.
32. What can you learn about the OGarden Smart from the passage?
A. It can be usedall year round. B. It grows up to60 plants at a time.
C. It is designedfor people who have a yard. D. It moves theplants from the shelf automatically.
33. The OGardenSmart can help you save money in the long-run mainly because ofits____________.
A. automaticupgrade B. free after-salesservice
C. low energyconsumption D. harvest oforganic produce
B
As the CampFire continued, killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands more inNorthern California, Madison waited there.
Gaylord, theAnatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise,when the fire began to spread, meaning Madison was left behind. For weeks, allGaylord could do was pray for Madison’s safety, according to California-basedanimal rescue organization Paw Print Rescue.
Sullivan, avolunteer with the organization, had already helped locate Madison’s brotherMiguel in a different city. But Madison was even more difficult to find.Sullivan spotted Madison a few times in a canyon (峡谷), apparentlyguarding his land, and put out fresh food and water regularly in hopes that thedog would turn up, according to a Facebook post by Sullivan. She even placed anarticle of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison’shope alive until his people could return,” Sullivan wrote.
When theevacuation (疏散) order was lifted last week and Gaylord went back to her home—which had beenruined by the fire—her prayers were answered: Madison wasthere, seemingly protecting what little remained of his family’s home. “Well,I’m so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today andTHERE MADISON WAS!!!! He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, andnever gave up on his people!” Sullivan wrote in the comment on her Facebookpost. “I’m so happy I’m crying as I write this! He didn’t give up through thestorms or the fire!” she added.
Soonafterward, Madison was reunited with Miguel for the first time since the firebroke out. An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that shewas overcome with joy to see Madison waiting for her. She also expressed howgrateful she was to Sullivan. Gaylord said fighting through tears, “You couldnever ask for better animals. He is the best dog.”
随着营火的继续，至少85人死亡，数千人流离失所，麦迪逊在那里等待。
大火开始蔓延时，安纳托利亚混养牧羊犬的主人盖洛德(Gaylord)没能赶到她在天堂的家，这意味着麦迪逊落在了后面。几周以来，盖洛德所能做的就是祈祷麦迪逊的安全，根据总部位于加州的动物救援组织爪印救援。
沙利文是该组织的一名志愿者，他已经帮助麦迪逊在另一个城市找到了哥哥米格尔。但麦迪逊更难找到。据沙利文在Facebook上发布的一篇帖子称，沙利文曾在一个峡谷里发现过麦迪逊几次，显然是为了保护自己的土地，他经常拿出新鲜的食物和水，希望这只狗能出现。沙利文写道，她甚至在房子附近放了一件闻起来像盖洛德(Gaylord)的衣服，“以保持麦迪逊的希望，直到他的人民能够回来”。
上周疏散令解除后，盖洛德回到了被大火烧毁的家中。“嗯，我很高兴地告诉大家，盖洛德今天被允许回到她的家，而麦迪逊就在那里!”他留下来保护他的家园，从来没有放弃他的人民!沙利文在她的Facebook帖子上写道。“写这篇文章的时候，我高兴得哭了!”他没有在暴风雨或大火中放弃!”她补充道。
不久之后，麦迪逊与米格尔重聚，这是大火爆发以来的第一次。情绪激动的盖洛德在接受cnn采访时说，看到麦迪逊在等她，她欣喜若狂。她还表达了对沙利文的感激之情。盖洛德流着泪说:“你再也找不到比这更好的动物了。他是最好的狗。”
34. What did Madison do during theCamp Fire?
A.He rescuedSullivan. B. He waitedfor Gaylord.
C. He stayedwith Miguel. D. He ran awayfrom Paradise.
35. Why did Sullivan place an articleof clothing smelling like Gaylord near the home?
A. To keepMadison warm. B. To getMadison to turn up.
C. To helpMadison remember his owner. D. Toencourage Madison not to give up.
36. Where was Madison finally found?
A. In adifferent city. B. In a canyon.
C. At acamp. D. At hishome.
37. What quality is emphasized in thisstory?
A. Patience. B. Unity. C.Devotion. D. Wisdom.
C
Choosing toforget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it,researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered throughneuroimaging (神经成像).
Thesefindings, published in theJournal ofNeuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience, moreattention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previousresearch on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to theunwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwantedexperiences orholding back the memory’s retrievals (恢复).
得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的研究人员通过神经成像发现，选择忘记某件事可能比试图记住它需要更多的脑力劳动。
发表在《神经科学杂志》上的这些发现表明，为了忘记一段不想要的经历，应该把更多的注意力放在它上面。这一惊人的结果延续了之前关于有意遗忘的研究，该研究的重点是通过将注意力从不想要的经历转移到不想要的信息上，或阻止记忆的恢复，从而减少对不想要信息的注意力。
“We may wantto get rid of memories that cause nonadaptive responses, such as upsettingmemories, so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways,”said Jarrod Lewis-Peacock, the study’s senior author and an assistant professorof psychology at UT Austin. “Decades of research has shown that we have theability to voluntarily forget something, but how our brains do that is stillbeing questioned. Once we can figure out how memories are weakened and designways to control this, we can design treatment to help people rid themselves ofunwanted memories.”
Usingneuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity, the researchers showed agroup of healthy adults images of scenes and faces, instructing them to eitherremember or forget each image. Their findings not only confirmed that humanshave the ability to control what they forget, but that successful intentionalforgetting required “moderate(适中的)levels” of brain activity in these sensory and perceptual areas(感官区域)—more activity than what was required to remember.
该研究的资深作者、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学助理教授贾罗德刘易斯皮科克(Jarrod Lewis-Peacock)说:“我们可能想要摆脱那些导致非适应性反应的记忆，比如令人不快的记忆，这样我们就能以更适应的方式对新经历做出反应。”“几十年的研究表明，我们有能力自愿忘记一些事情，但我们的大脑是如何做到这一点的仍然受到质疑。一旦我们能弄清楚记忆是如何被削弱的，并设计出控制这种情况的方法，我们就能设计出治疗方法，帮助人们摆脱不想要的记忆。”
研究人员使用神经成像技术来跟踪大脑活动的模式，向一组健康的成年人展示场景和面孔的图像，指示他们记住或忘记每张图像。他们的发现不仅证实了人类有能力控制他们忘记的东西，而且成功的有意遗忘需要“中等水平”的大脑活动在这些感觉和知觉区域——比需要记住的活动更多。
“Amoderatelevel of brain activity is critical to thisforgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak,and you won’t change it,” said Tracy Wang, lead author of the study and apsychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin. “Importantly, it’s the intentionto forget that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activationhits the ‘moderate level’ sweet spot, that’s when it leads to later forgettingof that experience.” The researchers also found that participants were morelikely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotionalinformation, the researchers said.
“We’relearning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types ofinformation, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this workbefore we understand how to control our ability to forget,” said Lewis-Peacock,who has begun a new study using neurofeedback to track how much attention isgiven to certain types of memories.
"Thiswill make way for future studies on how we process, and hopefully get rid of,those really strong, sticky emotional memories, which can have a powerfuleffect on our health and well-being," Lewis-Peacock said.
适度的大脑活动对这种遗忘机制至关重要。太强烈，就会强化记忆;这项研究的主要作者、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的心理学博士后Tracy Wang说。“重要的是，遗忘的意图增加了记忆的激活，当这种激活达到‘中等水平’的最佳状态时，就会导致后来对那段经历的遗忘。”研究人员还发现，与面孔相比，参与者更容易忘记场景，而面部表情能传达更多的情感信息。
“我们学习这些机制在大脑如何应对不同类型的信息,这需要进一步的研究和复制这项工作之前,我们了解如何控制我们忘记的能力,“Lewis-Peacock说,他已经开始了一项新的研究使用neurofeedback跟踪给予多少关注某些类型的记忆。
刘易斯-皮科克说:“这将为今后的研究铺平道路，研究我们如何处理并有望摆脱那些非常强烈、黏糊糊的情感记忆。这些记忆会对我们的健康和幸福产生强大的影响。”
38. Previous studies on intentionalforgetting researched ______.
A. the patternof brain activity
B. the processof recovering a memory
C. the way toreduce attention to unwanted information
D. the amountof attention required by intentional forgetting
39. According to Tracy Wang, forgetting is possible when ______.
A. peoplerespond to new experiences in an adaptive way
B. theactivation of the memory reaches a certain level
C. people havethe strongest intention to forget
D. theinformation involves more emotion
40. Lewis continues his study to findout ______.
A. how tocontrol people’s ability to forget
B. where toapply the findings of his team’s latest study
C. whateffects upsetting memories have on people’s health
D. ifdifferent types of information requires different levels of attention
41. What is the best title of thearticle?
A. Where doesforgetting take place?
B. How doesattention affect memory?
C. Forgettinguses more brain power than remembering
D. Forgettingis far more difficult than we once imagined
D
The new socialrobots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblanceto assistants like Apple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more.They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with theirpersonality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Timemagazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentallyreshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact withmachines a good thing, especially for children?
新型社交机器人包括Jibo、Cozmo、Kuri和Meccano m.a.x苹果(Apple)的Siri等助手有一些相似之处，但这些机器人还有其他功能。他们不是用他们的智慧，而是用他们的个性来赢得我们的支持。它们被当作伙伴出售，而不是和我们说话。《时代》杂志盛赞这些机器人“可能从根本上重塑我们与机器的互动方式”。“但重塑我们与机器的互动方式是件好事吗，尤其是对孩子们?”
Some researchersin favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationshipswith many kinds of things. Some say robots are justanotherthingwith which we can have relationships. Tosupport their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toydolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginaryfriends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably amore intelligent and fun one.
一些支持机器人的研究人员并不认为这有什么问题。人们与许多事物都有关系。有人说机器人只是另一种我们可以与之建立关系的东西。为了支持他们的观点，机器人专家有时会指出孩子们是如何处理玩具娃娃的。孩子们把娃娃做成动画，把它们变成假想的朋友。从某种意义上说，Jibo将会是一个想象中的朋友，而且可以说是一个更聪明、更有趣的朋友。
Gettingattached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s robotstell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. Inreality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance,Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, thechief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is tocreate “a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him,you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does itmean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected,or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it isneglecting you?
然而，迷恋洋娃娃和社交机器是不同的。今天的机器人告诉孩子们，他们有情感、友谊，甚至梦想要分享。实际上，机器人的全部目标是情感上的欺骗。例如，Cozmo机器人需要喂食，修理和玩。Cozmo背后的Anki公司的首席执行官鲍里斯·索夫曼(Boris Sofman)说，这个想法是为了创造“一种越来越深的情感联系……如果你忽视他，你会感到痛苦。“这到底有什么意义?”被忽视而不感到痛苦的痛苦是什么意思?被忽视而不知道自己被忽视的愤怒是什么意思?
This shouldnot be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathizewith children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, toknow what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, andthey cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say”or squeak, they don’t understand our emotional lives. They present themselvesas empathy machines, but they are missing theessential equipment. Theyhave not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking maybe thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.
这不应该是我们唯一关心的问题。令人不安的是，这些机器人试图与儿童产生共鸣。同理心让我们设身处地为他人着想，了解他们的感受。然而，机器人没有情感可以分享，它们不能把自己放在我们的位置上。无论机器生物“说”或“叫”什么，它们都无法理解我们的情感生活。他们把自己描绘成同理心机器，但他们缺少必要的设备。他们没有出生，他们不知道痛苦、死亡或恐惧。机器人思考可能是思考，但机器人的感觉永远不会是感觉，而机器人的爱永远不会是爱。
What is alsotroubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When therobots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots likethem, and when robots don’t work when needed,children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affecttheir self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boyconcluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked hisbrothers better.
For so long,we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help butconversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to dealwith the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel.”
同样令人不安的是，孩子们把机器人的行为看作是感情的表现。当机器人与他们互动时，孩子们把这当作机器人喜欢他们的证据，当机器人在需要的时候不工作时，孩子们也会把这当成是针对他们的。他们与机器人的关系影响了他们的自尊。在一项研究中，一个8岁的男孩得出结论，机器人停止和他说话是因为机器人更喜欢他的兄弟。
长久以来，我们一直梦想着人工智能不仅能给我们提供简单的帮助，还能提供对话和关怀。现在，我们的梦想正在成为现实，是时候处理与“有感觉”的机器人生活在一起的负面情绪了。
42. How arethe new social robots different from Siri?
A. They areintended to teach children how to talk.
B. They aredesigned to attract people with their smarts.
C. Their mainfunction is to evaluate children’s personality.
D.They have a new way to communicate with human beings.
43.In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.
A.are deeply connected with human beings
B.are unable to build a real relationship with children
C. are soadvanced that they can feel the pain of human beings
D. are notgood enough to carry out the instructions of children
44.The underlined phrase “essential equipment” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A.emotion B. pain C.fear D. thinking
45. Which ofthe following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Healthy See, Healthy Do
健康的看，健康的做
Visit the grocery store on an emptystomach, and you will probably come home with a few things you did not plan tobuy. But hunger is not the only cause of additional purchases. The location ofstore displays (摆放) also influences our shopping choices. 46
空着肚子去杂货店，你可能会带着一些你不打算买的东西回家。但饥饿并不是额外购买的唯一原因。商店陈列的位置也会影响我们的购物选择。
The checkout area is aparticular hotspot for junk food. Studies have found that the products mostcommonly found there are sugary and salty snacks. 47A 2012 study inthe Netherlands found that hospital workers were more likely to give up junkfood for healthy snacks when the latter were more readily available on canteenshelves, for example. In 2014 Norwegian and Icelandic researchersalsofound that replacing unhealthy foods withhealthy ones in the checkout area significantly increased last-minute sales ofhealthier foods.
48It has beenworking with more than 1,000 store owners to encourage them toorderand promote nutritious foods. “We know thatthe stores are full of cues (暗示) meant to encourage consumption,” says Tamar Adjoian, a researchscientist at the department, “Making healthy foods more convenient or appealingcan lead to increased sales of those products.”
Adjoian and her colleagueswondered if such findings would apply to their city’s crowded urban checkoutareas, so they selected three Bronx supermarkets for their own study.49Then theyrecorded purchases over six three-hour periods in each store for two weeks.
Of the more than 2,100 shoppers they observed,just 4 percent bought anything from the checkout area. Among those who did,however, customers in the healthy lines purchased nutritious foods more thantwice as often as those in the standard lines. 5The findingswere reported in September in theJournal of Nutrition Education andBehavior.
The potential influence mayseem small, but Adjoian believes that changing more checkout lines would opencustomers’ eyes to nutritious, lower-calorie foods. Health department officialsare now exploring ways to expand healthy options at checkout countersthroughout New York City.
A. These foods give people more energy.
B. They bought unhealthy foods 40 percent less often.
C. And it may make or break some healthy eating habits.
D. The supermarkets began to offer nutritious, lower-calorie foods.
E. These findings caught the attention of New York City Department ofHealth.
F. They replaced candies and cookies with fruits and nuts near thecheckout counter.
G. And a few studies have suggested that simply swapping in healthieroptions can change customer behavior.
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节（15分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信说他在英国学校参加了中国书法俱乐部。擅长书法的你决定写一幅书法作品寄给他，并附上一封信。信的内容包括：
1.该作品的内容；2.送该作品的原因；3.表示愿意提供帮助。
注意：1.词数不少于50；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：书法calligraphy
Dear Jim,
Yours,
Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。毕业之际，你们班开展了感谢学校教职员工的活动。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。提示词：教职员工teachers and staff
2019.5西城区高三二模高三英语参考答案及评分标准
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
1．that/which 2．Standing 3．threw 4．clearly 5．will go/aregoing
6．a 7．by 8．were seen 9．decorated 10．their
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
11．A 12．C 13．C 14．A 15．B
16．A 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B
21．D 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．D
26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B 30．C
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
31．C 32．A 33．D 34．B 35．D
36．D 37．C 38．C 39．B 40．A
41．C 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．B
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
46．C 47．G 48．E 49．F 50．B
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）评分原则：1．本题总分为15分，按4个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5．词数少于50，从总分中减去1分。
DearJim,One possible version:
I am glad to knowthat you have joined your school’s calligraphy club. The calligraphy piece Isent to you was written by myself. I really hope you will like it.
The Chinesecharacters on the piece are “天道酬勤” (Tian Dao Chou Qin), meaning “Hardwork pays off.” It is a well-known Chinese idiom, widely adopted as a motto byChinese people. There is a similar calligraphy piece hanging in the study at myhome, which was written by my grandfather. He gave it to me when I started tolearn calligraphy at age six in hopes that I would practise it often and learnit well. You see now my efforts have paid off. I hope it can serve as anencouragement to you at all times. I wrote this piece in the calligraphic styleof my favorite calligrapher, Yan Zhenqing, a renowned master of the TangDynasty. His style is Kaishu, a standard script, suitable for beginners. Iguess maybe it is the style that you are practising.
I know it isnot easy to learn Chinese calligraphy. If you have any problems during yourstudy, I would be happy to help you. I sincerely hope you enjoy learningChinese calligraphy!
Yours,
LiHua
第二节（20分）评分原则：1．本题总分为20分，按5个档次给分。2．评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3．评分时应考虑：内容要点的完整性、上下文的连贯、词汇和句式的多样性及语言的准确性。4．拼写、标点符号或书写影响内容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5.词数少于60，从总分中减去1分。
内容要点：1.建议/讨论；2.写感谢信；3.定制礼物；4.赠送礼物；
Before graduation, in order to express our sincere gratitude to ourbeloved teachersand the hard-working staff, weprepared special gifts and “thank you” notes.One possibleversion:
LastMonday after class, our monitor came up with an idea to extend our appreciationto the school faculty. After much thought, we decided to present them with cupsfeaturing our class picture as well as write them “thank you” notes.
Soonafterwards, we began our project. In the following two days, some of us wrotethe notes conveying our heartfelt appreciation while others carefully folded thefinished notes into the shape of a heart. We also logged onto aself-customization cup website in the school’s computer room, chose our bestclass photos to customize the cups and made the purchases.
LastFriday, we received the delivery. With excitement, we got into small groups andpresented our special gifts to all the dedicated teachers and staff. Holdingthe gifts, they all expressed their thanks and best wishes to us. Every day forthe past three years, we have enjoyed interesting lessons, delicious meals, anda clean and safe campus. It is their hard work and devotion that has helped us becomeresponsible people.
Graduation will come and go, but the love for ourschool will last
刘凯老师介绍：
刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为华中师范大学汉语言文学。
北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。东城区及北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯老师将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。
曾多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验。
2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。
美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。
2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、写作。在2014、2015、2016、2017四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。
资深考研培训讲师；英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；六级考试阅卷组成员；
深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。
带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。
高考志愿规划师（2019.03）；家庭教育讲师（2018.09）；生涯规划师（2019.02）；国家素质拓展师（2019.01）；高考政策专家（2018.03）